Te tukanga whakaputa hauwai peroxide
Te tukanga whakaputa hauwai peroxide
Ko te tauira matū o te hauwai hauwai he H2O2, e mohiotia ana ko te hauwai peroxide. Ko te ahua he wai marama kore tae, he waikura kaha, ko tana otinga wai e pai ana mo te whakakorenga mate rongoa me te whakakorenga taiao me te whakakorenga kai. I raro i nga ahuatanga noa, ka pirau ki te wai me te hāora, engari he tino puhoi te tere o te pirau, ka tere ake te tere o te tauhohenga ma te taapiri i te whakakorikori - konupora dioxide, ngaru ngaru poto ranei.
Ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana
Ko te wairewa wai he wai marama kore tae, he memeha ki te wai, te waipiro, te etera, me te kore e rewa ki te benzene me te hinu hinu.
Ko te hauwai hauwai parakore he wai kikorangi kikorangi kikorangi me te ira whakarewa -0.43 ° C me te ira koropuha o 150.2 ° C. Ka huri te hauwai parakore i tana whirihoranga ngota, no reira ka huri ano te ira whakarewa. Ko te kiato totoka i te waahi mīti he 1.71 g/, ka heke te kiato i te pikinga o te pāmahana. He nui ake te hononga i te H2O, no reira he teitei ake te waiu me te ira koropuke i te wai. Ko te hauwai hauwai parakore he ahua pumau, a ka tino pirau ki te wai me te hāora ina whakamahana ki te 153 ° C. Me mahara kaore he herenga hauwai i roto i te hauwai hauwai.
He kaha te awe o te hauwai ki nga matū pararopi, a ka whakamahia hei matū waiora.
Ngā āhuatanga matū
1. Oxidative
(Ko te mata ma i roto i te peita hinu [te waro warowai taketake taketake] ka tauhohe ki te hauwai sulfide i te rangi ki te hanga i te mata whakangao pango, ka taea te horoi ki te hauwai peroxide)
(me hiahia reo kawakore)
2. Whakaiti
3. I roto i te 10 ml o te 10% tauira otinga, tāpirihia te 5 ml o te wairewa whakamātautau waikawa pungatara (TS-241) me te 1 ml o te otinga whakamatautau pāhare pāporo (TS-193).
He mirumiru ka ngaro te tae o te pāhare pāporo. He waikawa ki te litmus. Mēnā he mea pararopi, he pahū.
4. Tangohia 1 g o te tauira (tika ki te 0.1 mg) ka waimeha ki te 250.0 ml ki te wai. I tangohia te 25 ml o tenei wairewa, ka tapirihia te 10 ml o te wairewa whakamatautau waikawa pungatara (TS-241), ka whai i te titration me te 0.1 mol/L konupora permanganate. 0.1 mol/L ia ml. Ko te konupora permanganate he rite ki te 1.70 mg o te hauwai (H 2 O 2).
5. I te take o te mea waro, te wera, te tukunga o te hāora me te wai, ki te take o te waikawa chromic, te pāhare pāhare pāporo, te paura konganuku i tauhohe kaha. Hei aukati i te pirau, ka taea te taapiri i te nui o te whakapumau penei i te konutai stannate, te konutai pyrophosphate me nga mea pera.
6. He waikawa ngoikore rawa te hauwai peroxide: H2O2 = (reversible) = H++HO2-(Ka = 2.4 x 10-12). No reira, ko te peroxide o te konganuku ka kiia ko tona tote.
Ko te kaupapa matua
Ko te whakamahinga o te hauwai peroxide ka wehea ki nga mahi rongoa, hoia me nga mahi ahumahi. Ko te whakakino mate o ia ra ko te hauwai hauwai hauora. Ka taea e te hauwai hauwai te patu i nga huakita pathogenic intestinal, te pyogenic cocci, me te rewena pathogenic, e whakamahia ana mo te whakakore i te mata o nga taonga. Ko te hauwai hauwai he paanga o te waikura, engari ko te kukū o te hauwai hauwai he rite ki raro iho ranei i te 3%. Ka murua ki te mata o te patunga, ka wera, ka waikurahia te mata ki te ma me te mirumiru, ka taea te horoi ki te wai. I muri i te 3-5 meneti Whakahokia te kiri kiri taketake.
Ko te ahumahi matū e whakamahia ana hei rauemi mata mo te whakaputa konutai perborate, konutai percarbonate, te waikawa peracetic, te konutai konutai, te thiourea peroxide, me etahi atu, nga mea whakaahuru penei i te waikawa tartaric me nga huaora. Ka whakamahia te ahumahi rongoa hei patu huakita, waipara, me te oxidant mo te hanga thiram me te 40 rita o nga kaihoko antibacterial. Ko te ahumahi ta me te waikano ka whakamahia hei kaikawe mo nga papanga miro, hei kaikawe tae mo te waikano waiu. Te tango i te rino me etahi atu konganuku taumaha ina whakamahia ki te hanga tote whakarewa, etahi atu puhui ranei. Ka whakamahia ano hoki i roto i nga pati hiko hei tango i nga poke parakore me te whakapai ake i te kounga o nga waahanga whakakikorua. Ka whakamahia ano hoki mo te horoi i te huruhuru, te hiraka mata, te rei, te penupenu, te ngako, me etahi atu. Ka taea te whakamahi i nga kukū teitei o te hauwai hauwai hei wahie hiko takirirangi.
Te whakamahi a-iwi: ki te pa ki te hongi o te parakaingi kihini, ki te whare rongoa ki te hoko hauwai hauwai me te wai me te paura horoi ki roto i te parapara ka taea te whakakore i te poke, te parapara, te whakahoromata;
3% hauwai (koeke hauora) mo te whakakino mate.
Ture ahumahi
Tikanga hanga hauwai hauwai kawakore: he krypton-kei roto i te hiko hau mo te hanga hauwai hauwai kawakore, e tohuhia ana ko ia takirua hiko he pereti anode, he mata kirihou, he membrane cation me te katode hau helium, kei runga. me nga pito o raro o te waahi mahi hiko. He ruuma tohatoha mo te kuhu ki roto i te wai me te ruuma kohinga mo te tuku i te wai, a ka whakaritea he orifice ki te kokoru wai, a ko te electrode-waahanga maha ka tango i tetahi tikanga hononga raupapa dipole iti hei whakaroa i te ngohengohe kirihou o te anode e huri haere ana. te uru me te putanga wai alkali. Whai muri i te hono o te ngongo ki te tini kohi wai, ka whakaemihia te roopu hiko-waahanga maha e te pereti wae.
Tikanga whakaheke waikawa Phosphoric: e tohuhia ana na te mea kua rite mai i te wairewa konutai peroxide wai ma nga waahanga e whai ake nei:
(1) Ka whakakorehia he wairewa wai o te konutai peroxide ki te pH o 9.0 ki te 9.7 ki te waikawa ūkuikui me te konutai dihydrogen phosphate NaH2PO4 hei hanga i te wairewa wai o Na2HPO4 me H2O2.
(2) Ko te wairewa wai o Na2HPO4 me H2O2 i whakamataohia ki te +5 ki te -5 °C na te nuinga o te Na2HPO4 i heke hei Na2HPO4•10H2O hydrate.
(3) He ranunga kei roto Na2HPO4 • 10H 2 O te hydrate me te wairewa hauwai hauwai i wehea i roto i te wehenga centrifugal hei wehe i nga tioata Na 2HPO 4 •10H 2 O mai i te iti o te Na 2 HPO 4 me te wairewa hauwai hauwai.
(4) Ko te wairewa wai kei roto te iti o te Na2HPO4 me te hauwai peroxide i whakaeto i roto i te whakaetonga kia riro mai he kohu kei roto H2O2 me H2O, ka tukuna he wairewa tote o te Na2HPO4 kei roto te hauwai peroxide i raro ka whakahokia ki te tank whakakore. .
(5) Ko te mamaoa kei roto te H2O2 me te H2O ka tukuna ki te whakamaarama hautanga i raro i te pehanga iti kia whiwhi ai i te 30% H2O2 hua.
Tikanga waikawa sulfuric electrolytic: electrolyzed 60% waikawa pungatara ki te whiwhi waikawa peroxodisulfuric, a ka hydrolyzed ki te whiwhi i te kukū o 95% hauwai peroxide.
2-Ethyl oxime tikanga: Ko te tikanga matua o te hanga tauine ahumahi ko te tikanga 2-ethyl oxime (EAQ). 2-ethyl hydrazine i tetahi pāmahana.
Ka tauhohe te kaha ki te hauwai i raro i te mahi a te whakakorikori hei hanga i te 2-ethylhydroquinone, me te 2-ethylhydroquinone ka whakaputa te hāora me te hāora i tetahi pāmahana me te pehanga.
Te tauhohenga whakaheke, ka whakahekehia te 2-ethylhydroquinone ki te hanga i te 2-ethyl hydrazine me te hydrogen peroxide. Whai muri i te tangohanga, ka whiwhihia he wairewa hauwai hauwai, katahi ka purea e te hauwai hauwai taumaha kia whiwhi ai i te wairewa hauwai hauwai, e mohiotia ana ko te hauwai peroxide. Ko te nuinga o tenei tukanga ka whakamahia hei whakarite i te 27.5% hauwai hauwai, a ka taea te whiwhi i te wairewa hauwai hauwai (pēnei i te 35%, 50% hydrogen peroxide) ma te whakamarumaru.
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